This Library Guide is a collection of useful documents & evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness and impact of the Malaria vaccines to support NITAG members and other policy makers throughout Africa with making evidence-based recommendations.
Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. The parasite is spread to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. People who have malaria usually feel very sick with a high fever and shaking chills.
While the disease is uncommon in temperate climates, malaria is still common in tropical and subtropical countries. Each year nearly 290 million people are infected with malaria, and more than 400,000 people die of the disease.
Malaria primarily spreads through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The mosquito becomes infected by biting a person who already has malaria, and then transmits the parasite to a new person when it bites them. Less commonly, malaria can also spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, or sharing contaminated needles. It can also be transmitted from a mother to her unborn child.
1. Avoid Mosquito bites
2. Chemoprophylaxis (Preventive Medication)
3. Environmental control
4. Vaccination
A malaria vaccine is now available and recommended for young children in high-transmission areas:
RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) is the first approved malaria vaccine.
Newer vaccines (e.g., R21/Matrix-M) are being introduced in Africa.
5. Surveillance and Early Diagnosis
P - Population
Africa [MeSH] OR Africa South of the Sahara [MeSH]
OR
Africa OR African OR Algeria OR Angola OR Benin OR Botswana OR "Burkina Faso" OR Burundi OR “Cabo Verde” OR Cameroon OR Cameroun OR "Canary Islands" OR "Cape Verde" OR "Central African Republic" OR Chad OR Comoros OR Congo OR "Cote d'Ivoire" OR "Democratic Republic of Congo" OR Djibouti OR Egypt OR Eritrea OR eSwatini OR Ethiopia OR Gabon OR Gambia OR Ghana OR Guinea OR Guinea- Bissau OR "Ivory Coast" OR Jamahiriya OR Kenya OR Lesotho OR Liberia OR Libya OR Madagascar OR Malawi OR Mali OR Mauritania OR Mauritius OR Mayotte OR Morocco OR Mozambique OR Namibia OR Niger OR Nigeria OR Principe OR Reunion OR Rwanda OR “Saint Helena” OR “Sao Tome” OR Senegal OR Seychelles OR “Sierra Leone” OR Somalia OR “St Helena” OR Sudan OR Swaziland OR Tanzania OR Togo OR Tunisia OR Uganda OR “Western Sahara” OR Zaire OR Zambia OR Zimbabwe
I Intervention
Malaria OR RTS, S/AS01 OR Mosquirix OR R21/Matrix-M
C Comparison
No vaccine
O Outcome
efficacy OR effectiveness OR safety