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NISH (NITAG Support Hub) 8: Vaccines against enteric diseases: Cholera vaccines

This Library Guide is a collection of useful documents & evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness and impact of vaccines against enteric diseases (Typhoid, Cholera, Rotavirus) to support NITAG members and other policy makers across Africa in making eviden

References used in the WHO Position Paper on Cholera vaccines

These references are extracted from the WHO Position Paper to have an overview of the sources that were used in the Position Paper.

References used in WHO Position Paper 2017 (1)

World Health Organization. (1999). WHO recommended surveillance standards (No. WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2). World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/65517/WHO_CDS_CSR_ISR_99.2.pdf

Sauvageot, D., Njanpop-Lafourcade, B. M., Akilimali, L., Anne, J. C., Bidjada, P., Bompangue, D., ... & Mengel, M. A. (2016). Cholera incidence and mortality in sub-Saharan African sites during multi-country surveillance. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 10(5), e0004679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004679

Ramamurthy, T., Mutreja, A., Weill, F. X., Das, B., Ghosh, A., & Nair, G. B. (2019). Revisiting the global epidemiology of cholera in conjunction with the genomics of Vibrio cholerae. Frontiers in public health, 7, 203. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00203

Ali, M., Nelson, A. R., Lopez, A. L., & Sack, D. A. (2015). Updated global burden of cholera in endemic countries. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 9(6), e0003832.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003832

Bi, Q., Ferreras, E., Pezzoli, L., Legros, D., Ivers, L. C., Date, K., ... & Levine, M. (2017). Protection against cholera from killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17(10), 1080-1088. https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1473-3099%2817%2930359-6

Deen, J. L., von Seidlein, L., Sur, D., Agtini, M., Lucas, M. E., Lopez, A. L., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2008). The high burden of cholera in children: comparison of incidence from endemic areas in Asia and Africa. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2(2), e173. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000173

Zuckerman, J. N., Rombo, L., & Fisch, A. (2007). The true burden and risk of cholera: implications for prevention and control. The Lancet infectious diseases, 7(8), 521-530. (NOT OA)

Steffen, R., Acar, J., Walker, E., & Zuckerman, J. (2003). Cholera: assessing the risk to travellers and identifying methods of protection. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 1(2), 80-88. (NOT OA)

Sack, D. A. (1998). Cholera vaccine in refugee settings. Jama, 280(7), 600-602. (NOT OA)

World Health Organization. (2021). International coordinating group (ICG) on vaccine provision for cholera, meningitis and yellow fever: report of the annual meeting, 23-24 September 2020. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/343459/9789240029163-eng.pdf?sequence=1

World Health Organization, (2018). https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/279470/A71_R4-en.pdf?sequence=1

Mukhopadhyay AK et al. Cholera outbreaks in the El Tor biotype era and the impact of the new El Tor variants. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol.2014; https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=1fe53529b18d7e3851b648881018346882e5c6a1

Nair, G. B., Qadri, F., Holmgren, J., Svennerholm, A. M., Safa, A., Bhuiyan, N. A., ... & Sack, D. A. (2006). Cholera due to altered El Tor strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladesh. Journal of clinical microbiology, 44(11), 4211-4213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01304-06

Ansaruzzaman, M., Bhuiyan, N. A., Safa, A., Sultana, M., Mcuamule, A., Mondlane, C., ... & Nair, G. B. (2007). Genetic diversity of El Tor strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 with hybrid traits isolated from Bangladesh and Mozambique. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 297(6), 443-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.01.009

Siddique, A. K., Nair, G. B., Alam, M., Sack, D. A., Huq, A., Nizam, A., ... & Sack, R. B. (2010). El Tor cholera with severe disease: a new threat to Asia and beyond. Epidemiology & Infection, 138(3), 347-352.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268809990550

Glass, R. I., Svennerholm, A. M., Stoll, B. J., Khan, M. R., Hossain, K. B., Hug, M. I., & Holmgren, J. (1983). Protection against cholera in breast-fed children by antibodies in breast milk. New England Journal of Medicine, 308(23), 1389-1392. (NOT OA)

Merrell, D. S., Butler, S. M., Qadri, F., Dolganov, N. A., Alam, A., Cohen, M. B., ... & Camilli, A. (2002). Host-induced epidemic spread of the cholera bacterium. Nature, 417(6889), 642-645. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature00778.pdf

World Health Organization. (2005). The treatment of diarrhoea: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers (No. WHO/FCH/CAH/05.1). World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/43209/9241593180.pdf

Ashworth, A. (2003). Guidelines for the inpatient treatment of severely malnourished children. World Health Organization. https://books.google.co.za/books?id=81Y0DgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA3&ots=zVVKmVOprq&dq=%20Guidelines%20for%20the%20inpatient%20treatment%20of%20severely%20malnourished%20children.%20World%20Health%20Organization%2C%20Geneva%2C%202003&lr&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=Guidelines%20for%20the%20inpatient%20treatment%20of%20severely%20malnourished%20children.%20World%20Health%20Organization,%20Geneva,%202003&f=false

World Health Organization. (1993). Guidelines for cholera control. World Health  Organization.          https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/36837/924154449X.pdf;jsessionid

UNICEF Cholera Toolkit http://www.unicef.org/cholera_toolkit/ especially Chapter 8: Case management and infection control in health facilities and treatment sites pp110-135 

Cross, R., Ling, C., Day, N. P., McGready, R., & Paris, D. H. (2016). Revisiting doxycycline in pregnancy and early childhood–time to rebuild its reputation?. Expert opinion on drug safety, 15(3), 367-382. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1517/14740338.2016.1133584

Sack, D. A., Lyke, C., McLaughlin, C., Suwanvanichkij, V., & World Health Organization. (2001). Antimicrobial resistance in shigellosis, cholera and campylobacteriosis (No. WHO/CDS/CSR/DRS/2001.8). World Health Organization.                   https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/66875/WHO_CDS_CSR_DRS_2001.8.pdf

 

 

References used in WHO Position Paper 2017 (2)

UNICEF, & Unicef. (2016). Strategy for water, sanitation and hygiene 2016-2030. https://nkhokwe.kuhes.ac.mw/server/api/core/bitstreams/61e3e876-2dc8-49b6-ba70-4b0b94b42854/content

World Health Organization. (2004) Cholera outbreak: assessing the outbreak response and improving preparedness . Geneva, Switzerland: (NOT OA)

Leung, D. T., Chowdhury, F., Calderwood, S. B., Qadri, F., & Ryan, E. T. (2012). Immune responses to cholera in children. Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 10(4), 435-444. (NOT OA)

Pasetti, M. F., & Levine, M. M. (2012). Insights from natural infection-derived immunity to cholera instruct vaccine efforts. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 19(11), 1707-1711. (NOT OA)

Ali, M., Emch, M., Park, J. K., Yunus, M., & Clemens, J. (2011). Natural cholera infection–derived immunity in an endemic setting. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204(6), 912-918. (NOT OA)

Clemens, J. D., van Loon, F., Sack, D. A., Rao, M. R., Ahmed, F., Chakraborty, J., ... & Holmgren, J. (1991). Biotype as determinant of natural immunising effect of cholera. The Lancet, 337(8746), 883-884. (NOT OA)

Levine, M. M., Black, R. E., Clements, M. L., Cisneros, L., Nalin, D. R., & Young, C. R. (1981). Duration of infection-derived immunity to cholera. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 143(6), 818-820. (NOT OA)

Dukoral. Summary of Product Characteristics. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/dukoral-epar-product-information_en.pdf

Euvichol. Package Insert. Available at: http://www.eubiologics.com/en/products/ Euvichol_insert.pdf, a 

Vaxchora, package insert. https://www.fda.gov/media/128415/download

Background paper on the integration of oral cholera vaccines into global cholera control programmes, presented to the WHO SAGE in October 2009. https://terrance.who.int/mediacentre/data/sage/SAGE_Docs_Ppt_Apr2017/5_session_cholera/Apr2017_session5_oral_cholera_whole-cell-killed.pdf

Ryan, E. T., & Calderwood, S. B. (2001). Cholera vaccines. Journal of travel medicine, 8(2), 82. (NOT OA)

Dukoral. Annex 1. Summary of Product Characteristics: http://www. ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000476/WC500037570.pdf

 Guidelines for the production and control of inactivated oral cholera vaccines TRS 924, 2004, Annex 3. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/biologicals/vaccine-standardization/cholera/annex-3-trs924-cholera-vax.pdf?sfvrsn=52421575_4&download=true

Kanungo, S., Desai, S. N., Nandy, R. K., Bhattacharya, M. K., Kim, D. R., Sinha, A., ... & Wierzba, T. F. (2015). Flexibility of oral cholera vaccine dosing—a randomized controlled trial measuring immune responses following alternative vaccination schedules in a cholera hyper-endemic zone. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 9(3), e0003574.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003574

Saha, A., Khan, A., Salma, U., Jahan, N., Bhuiyan, T. R., Chowdhury, F., ... & Qadri, F. (2016). The oral cholera vaccine Shanchol™ when stored at elevated temperatures maintains the safety and immunogenicity profile in Bangladeshi participants. Vaccine, 34(13), 1551-1558. (NOT OA)

Luquero, F. J., Grout, L., Ciglenecki, I., Sakoba, K., Traore, B., Heile, M., ... & Grais, R. F. (2013). First outbreak response using an oral cholera vaccine in Africa: vaccine coverage, acceptability and surveillance of adverse events, Guinea, 2012. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 7(10), e2465. https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0002465&type=printable

Clemens, J., Harris, J., Khan, M. R., Kay, B., Yunus, M. D., Svennerholm, A. M., ... & Holmgren, J. (1986). Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh. The Lancet, 328(8499), 124-127. (NOT OA)

Van Loon, F. P. L., Clemens, J. D., Chakraborty, J., Rao, M. R., Kay, B. A., Sack, D. A., ... & Holmgren, J. (1996). Field trial of inactivated oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh: results from 5 years of follow-up. Vaccine, 14(2), 162-166. (NOT OA)

Clemens, J., Harris, J., Khan, M. R., Ali, M., Yunus, M., Khan, M. U., ... & Holmgren, J. (1988). Impact of B subunit killed whole-cell and killed whole-cell-only oral vaccines against cholera upon treated diarrhoeal illness and mortality in an area endemic for cholera. The Lancet, 331(8599), 1375-1379. (NOT OA)

Sanchez, J. L., Vasquez, B., Begue, R. E., Meza, R., Castellares, G., Cabezas, C., ... & Taylor, D. N. (1994). Protective efficacy of oral whole-cell/recombinant-B-subunit cholera vaccine in Peruvian military recruits. The Lancet, 344(8932), 1273-1276. (NOT OA)

Clemens, J. D., Sack, D. A., & Ivanoff, B. (2001). Misleading negative findings in a field trial of killed, oral cholera vaccine in Peru. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 183(8), 1306-1308. (NOT OA)

Taylor, D. N., Cárdenas, V., Sanchez, J. L., Bégué, R. E., Gilman, R., Bautista, C., ... & Sadoff, J. (2000). Two-year study of the protective efficacy of the oral whole cell plus recombinant B subunit cholera vaccine in Peru. The Journal of infectious diseases, 181(5), 1667-1673. (NOT OA)

Lucas, M. E., Deen, J. L., Von Seidlein, L., Wang, X. Y., Ampuero, J., Puri, M., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2005). Effectiveness of mass oral cholera vaccination in Beira, Mozambique. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(8), 757-767. (NOT OA)

Khatib, A. M., Ali, M., Von Seidlein, L., Kim, D. R., Hashim, R., Reyburn, R., ... & Deen, J. (2012). Effectiveness of an oral cholera vaccine in Zanzibar: findings from a mass vaccination campaign and observational cohort study. The Lancet infectious diseases, 12(11), 837-844. (NOT OA)

Peltola, H., Siitonen, A., Kataja, M. J., Kyrönseppa, H., Simula, I., Mattila, L., ... & Cadoz, M. (1991). Prevention of travellers' diarrhoea by oral B-subunit/whole-cell cholera vaccine. The Lancet, 338(8778), 1285-1289. (NOT OA)

Hill, D. R., Ford, L., & Lalloo, D. G. (2006). Oral cholera vaccines: use in clinical practice. The Lancet infectious diseases, 6(6), 361-373. (NOT OA)

Trach, D. D., Clemens, J. D., Ke, N. T., Thuy, H. T., Son, N. D., Canh, D. G., ... & Rao, M. R. (1997). Field trial of a locally produced, killed, oral cholera vaccine in Vietnam. The Lancet, 349(9047), 231-235. (NOT OA)

Wierzba, T. F., Kar, S. K., Mogasale, V. V., Kerketta, A. S., You, Y. A., Baral, P., ... & Sah, B. (2015). Effectiveness of an oral cholera vaccine campaign to prevent clinically-significant cholera in Odisha State, India. Vaccine, 33(21), 2463-2469.    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.073

Phares, C. R., Date, K., Travers, P., Déglise, C., Wongjindanon, N., Ortega, L., & Bhuket, P. R. N. (2016). Mass vaccination with a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in a long-standing refugee camp, Thailand. Vaccine, 34(1), 128-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.112

Abubakar, A., Azman, A. S., Rumunu, J., Ciglenecki, I., Helderman, T., West, H., ... & Luquero, F. J. (2015). The first use of the global oral cholera vaccine emergency stockpile: lessons from South Sudan. PLoS medicine, 12(11), e1001901. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001901

Bhattacharya, S. K., Sur, D., Ali, M., Kanungo, S., You, Y. A., Manna, B., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2013). 5 year efficacy of a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in Kolkata, India: a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet infectious diseases, 13(12), 1050-1056. (NOT OA)

Thiem, V. D., Deen, J. L., Von Seidlein, L., Anh, D. D., Park, J. K., Ali, M., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2006). Long-term effectiveness against cholera of oral killed whole-cell vaccine produced in Vietnam. Vaccine, 24(20), 4297-4303. (NOT OA)

Ali, M., Emch, M., Von Seidlein, L., Yunus, M., Sack, D. A., Rao, M., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2005). Herd immunity conferred by killed oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh: a reanalysis. The Lancet, 366(9479), 44-49. (NOT OA)

Longini Jr, I. M., Nizam, A., Ali, M., Yunus, M., Shenvi, N., & Clemens, J. D. (2007). Controlling endemic cholera with oral vaccines. PLoS medicine, 4(11), e336. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040336

Ali, M., Sur, D., You, Y. A., Kanungo, S., Sah, B., Manna, B., ... & Clemens, J. (2013). Herd protection by a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in the slums of Kolkata, India. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 56(8), 1123-1131.  https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cit009

Von Seidlein, L., Wang, X. Y., Macuamule, A., Mondlane, C., Puri, M., Hendriksen, I., ... & Lucas, M. (2008). Is HIV infection associated with an increased risk for cholera? Findings from a case–control study in Mozambique. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 13(5), 683-688. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02051.x

Lucas, M. E., Deen, J. L., Von Seidlein, L., Wang, X. Y., Ampuero, J., Puri, M., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2005). Effectiveness of mass oral cholera vaccination in Beira, Mozambique. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(8), 757-767. (NOT OA)

Ivers, L. C., Charles, R. C., Hilaire, I. J., Mayo-Smith, L. M., Teng, J. E., Jerome, J. G., ... & Harris, J. B. (2015). Immunogenicity of the bivalent oral cholera vaccine Shanchol in Haitian adults with HIV infection. The Journal of infectious diseases, 212(5), 779-783. https://watermark.silverchair.com/jiv108.pdf?

 

References used in WHO Position Paper 2017 (3)

Ivers, L. C., Hilaire, I. J., Teng, J. E., Almazor, C. P., Jerome, J. G., Ternier, R., ... & Franke, M. F. (2015). Effectiveness of reactive oral cholera vaccination in rural Haiti: a case-control study and bias-indicator analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 3(3), e162-e168.  https://www-clinicalkey-com.ezproxy.uct.ac.za/service/content/pdf/watermarked/1-s2.0-S2214109X14703687.pdf?locale=en_US&searchIndex=

Sévère, K., Rouzier, V., Anglade, S. B., Bertil, C., Joseph, P., Deroncelay, A., ... & Pape, J. W. (2016). Effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine in Haiti: 37-month follow-up. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 94(5), 1136. (NOT OA)

Azman, A. S., Parker, L. A., Rumunu, J., Tadesse, F., Grandesso, F., Deng, L. L., ... & Luquero, F. J. (2016). Effectiveness of one dose of oral cholera vaccine in response to an outbreak: a case-cohort study. The Lancet Global Health, 4(11), e856-e863.   https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/langlo/PIIS2214-109X(16)30211-X.pdf

Qadri, F., Wierzba, T. F., Ali, M., Chowdhury, F., Khan, A. I., Saha, A., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2016). Efficacy of a single-dose, inactivated oral cholera vaccine in Bangladesh. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(18), 1723-1732. https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1510330

Baik, Y. O., Choi, S. K., Olveda, R. M., Espos, R. A., Ligsay, A. D., Montellano, M. B., ... & Park, S. N. (2015). A randomized, non-inferiority trial comparing two bivalent killed, whole cell, oral cholera vaccines (Euvichol vs Shanchol) in the Philippines. Vaccine, 33(46), 6360-6365.(NOT OA)

Holmgren, J., & Bergquist, C. (2004). Oral B subunit-killed whole-cell cholera vaccine. In New generation vaccines (pp. 1009-1032). CRC Press. (NOT OA)

Anh, D. D., Lopez, A. L., Thiem, V. D., Long, P. T., Son, N. H., Deen, J., ... & Clemens, J. (2007). Safety and immunogenicity of a reformulated Vietnamese bivalent killed, whole-cell, oral cholera vaccine in adults. Vaccine, 25(6), 1149-1155. (NOT OA)

Mahalanabis, D., Lopez, A. L., Sur, D., Deen, J., Manna, B., Kanungo, S., ... & Bhattacharya, S. K. (2008). A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the bivalent killed, whole-cell, oral cholera vaccine in adults and children in a cholera endemic area in Kolkata, India. PLoS One, 3(6), e2323. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002323

Saha, A., Chowdhury, M. I., Khanam, F., Bhuiyan, M. S., Chowdhury, F., Khan, A. I., ... & Qadri, F. (2011). Safety and immunogenicity study of a killed bivalent (O1 and O139) whole-cell oral cholera vaccine Shanchol, in Bangladeshi adults and children as young as 1 year of age. Vaccine, 29(46), 8285-8292. (NOT OA)

Sur, D., Lopez, A. L., Kanungo, S., Paisley, A., Manna, B., Ali, M., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2009). Efficacy and safety of a modified killed-whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in India: an interim analysis of a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet, 374(9702), 1694-1702. (NOT OA)

Desai, S. N., Akalu, Z., Teshome, S., Yamuah, L., Kim, D. R., Yang, J. S., ... & Aseffa, A. (2014). A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of killed oral cholera vaccine (Shanchol®) in healthy individuals in Ethiopia. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21, 431-432. https://www.ijidonline.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1201-9712%2814%2901369-1

Phares, C. R., Date, K., Travers, P., Déglise, C., Wongjindanon, N., Ortega, L., & Bhuket, P. R. N. (2016). Mass vaccination with a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in a long-standing refugee camp, Thailand. Vaccine, 34(1), 128-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.112

Abubakar, A., Azman, A. S., Rumunu, J., Ciglenecki, I., Helderman, T., West, H., ... & Luquero, F. J. (2015). The first use of the global oral cholera vaccine emergency stockpile: lessons from South Sudan. PLoS medicine, 12(11), e1001901.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001901

Bhattacharya, S. K., Sur, D., Ali, M., Kanungo, S., You, Y. A., Manna, B., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2013). 5 year efficacy of a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in Kolkata, India: a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet infectious diseases, 13(12), 1050-1056. (NOT OA)

Thiem, V. D., Deen, J. L., Von Seidlein, L., Anh, D. D., Park, J. K., Ali, M., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2006). Long-term effectiveness against cholera of oral killed whole-cell vaccine produced in Vietnam. Vaccine, 24(20), 4297-4303. (NOT OA)

Ali, M., Emch, M., Von Seidlein, L., Yunus, M., Sack, D. A., Rao, M., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2005). Herd immunity conferred by killed oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh: a reanalysis. The Lancet, 366(9479), 44-49. (NOT OA)

Longini Jr, I. M., Nizam, A., Ali, M., Yunus, M., Shenvi, N., & Clemens, J. D. (2007). Controlling endemic cholera with oral vaccines. PLoS medicine, 4(11), e336.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040336

Ali, M., Sur, D., You, Y. A., Kanungo, S., Sah, B., Manna, B., ... & Clemens, J. (2013). Herd protection by a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in the slums of Kolkata, India. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 56(8), 1123-1131. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cit009

Von Seidlein, L., Wang, X. Y., Macuamule, A., Mondlane, C., Puri, M., Hendriksen, I., ... & Lucas, M. (2008). Is HIV infection associated with an increased risk for cholera? Findings from a case–control study in Mozambique. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 13(5), 683-688.   https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02051.x

Lucas, M. E., Deen, J. L., Von Seidlein, L., Wang, X. Y., Ampuero, J., Puri, M., ... & Clemens, J. D. (2005). Effectiveness of mass oral cholera vaccination in Beira, Mozambique. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(8), 757-767. (NOT OA)

Ivers, L. C., Charles, R. C., Hilaire, I. J., Mayo-Smith, L. M., Teng, J. E., Jerome, J. G., ... & Harris, J. B. (2015). Immunogenicity of the bivalent oral cholera vaccine Shanchol in Haitian adults with HIV infection. The Journal of infectious diseases, 212(5), 779-https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv108

 Evidence of the risks and benefits of vaccinating pregnant women with WHO pre-qualified cholera vaccines during mass campaigns. Available at: http://www.who.int/cholera/vaccines/Risk_Benefits_vaccinating_pregnant_women_Technical_Note_13Jan2016.pdf,

Hashim, R., Khatib, A. M., Enwere, G., Park, J. K., Reyburn, R., Ali, M., ... & Jiddawi, M. S. (2012). Safety of the recombinant cholera toxin B subunit, killed whole-cell (rBS-WC) oral cholera vaccine in pregnancy. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 6(7), e1743. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001743

Grout, L., Martinez-Pino, I., Ciglenecki, I., Keita, S., Diallo, A. A., Traore, B., ... & Luquero, F. J. (2015). Pregnancy outcomes after a mass vaccination campaign with an oral cholera vaccine in Guinea: a retrospective cohort study. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(12), e0004274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004274

Ali, M., Nelson, A., Luquero, F. J., Azman, A. S., Debes, A. K., Mwesawina M'bang'ombe, M., ... & Sack, D. A. (2017). Safety of a killed oral cholera vaccine (Shanchol) in pregnant women in Malawi: an observational cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17(5), 538-544. https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1473-3099%2816%2930523-0

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