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NISH (NITAG Support Hub) 9: MMR Vaccine with a Specific Focus on Mumps: Africa - Epidemiology / Public Health Aspects and Vaccine-related Articles

Africa - Epidemiology / Public Health Aspects and Vaccine-related

 

Adam, O., Musa, A., Kamer, A., Sausy, A., Tisserand, E., & Hübschen, J. M. (2020). Seroprevalence of measles, mumps, and rubella and genetic characterization of mumps virus in Khartoum, Sudan. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 91, 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.11.019

Chirambo, R. M., Songolo, P., Masaninga, F., & Kazembe, L. N. (2019). Mumps outbreak in Copperbelt province, Zambia: Epidemiological characteristics. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 7(3), 325-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2018.09.005
 

Chirilele, P. (2023). Laboratory testing and phylogenetic analysis during a mumps outbreak in Zimbabwe. Agrica, 12(suppl), 137.  Full text not available

Abstract

Mumps virus is a single-stranded negative sense RNA virus, and a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. This usually self-limited disease is endemic worldwide and occurs primarily in children and adolescents. Twenty-five to 30% of infections are asymptomatic. The most frequent clinical presentation is nonsuppurative parotitis, which occurs in up to 60-70% of persons infected. Meningitis, oophoritis and epididymo-orchitis represent the most common complications. Symptoms and complications might vary between immunized and unimmunized patients. Diagnosis relies on serology, viral culture, or molecular testing, such as real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Since the beginning of 2023, a mumps outbreak has hit Zimbabwe's major cities, Harare and Bulawayo. This viral infection is mostly affecting children in schools (Magurano et al. 2018; Savage et al. 2004). Between January and August 2023, specimens from suspect cases were submitted to National Microbiology reference Laboratory for mumps serology, culture and/or real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) testing. These samples will be requested for rRT-PCR and genotyping at the National Genomics Centre. Whole genome sequencing will be performed on the outbreak culture isolates. This research project will bring to light the mumps virus strains causing an outbreak in Zimbabwe. Futhermore it will bring out the importance of molecular techniques in the diagnostics of pathogens to inform Public health on pandemics.

Doshi, R. H., Alfonso, V. H., Hoff, N. A., Mukadi, P., Gerber, S., Bwaka, A., ... & Rimoin, A. W. (2017). Evidence of mumps infection among children in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 36(5), 462-466.(Not OA)

 Duru, E. C., & Anyanwu, M. C. (2023). Mathematical model for the transmission of mumps and its optimal control. Biometrical Letters, 60(1), 77-95. https://doi.org/10.28919/jmcs/7943

Gwinji, P. T., Murewanhema, G., Moyo, E., & Dzinamarira, T. (2024). Mumps outbreak in Zimbabwe: The case for universal MMR vaccination in Africa. Vaccine: X, 21, 100586. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11616568

Kateule, E., Kumar, R., Mulenga, M., Daka, V., Banda, K., Anderson, R., ... & Kasongo, W. (2018). Mumps outbreak in an unimmunized population–Luanshya District, Copperbelt Province, Zambia, 2015. Pan African Medical Journal, 31(1).
https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/31/3/full/
 

Kibonge, A., Edward, S., & Kung'aro, M. (2023). Modelling the transmission dynamics of mumps with control measures. Journal of Mathematical and Computational Science, 13 (4), 1-31. 
https://doi.org/10.28919/jmcs/7943

Mirambo, M. M., Michael, F., Nyawale, H., Mbugano, F., Walwa, M. B., Mahamba, D., Msanga, D. R., Okamo, B., Damiano, P., & Mshana, S. E. (2024). The high seropositivity of mumps virus IgG antibodies among school-aged children in rural areas of the Mbarali District in the Mbeya Region, Tanzania: It Is high time for consideration in the national immunization program. Children, 11(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11010073

National Institute for Communicable Diseases. (2023). Confirmation of mumps outbreak in South Africa.
https://www.nicd.ac.za/confirmation-of-mumps-outbreak-south-africa-11-may-2023/

Nkinda, L., Majigo, M., Mkocha, N., Joachim, A., Buberwa, E., Nkinda, D., & Msafiri, F. (2022). Sero-prevalence of mumps among unvaccinated children attending regional referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 43(10), 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2022/v43i1030616

Okari, T. G., Onubogu, U. C., & Tella-Editang, S. A. (2025). Incidence and seasonal pattern of mumps parotitis in a paediatric clinic, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases, 16(3), 47-53.
https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2025/v16i3430
 

Rakiru, R. B., Msanga, D. R., Laisser, R., Kamori, D., Majigo, M., Mshana, S. E., ... & Mahamba, D. (2020). High proportion of school aged children susceptible to mumps virus infections in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania: Should it be included in the national immunization programme? International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 41, 46-55.  https://doi.org/10.9734/IJTDH/2020/v41i1530357

Sikhosana, M. L., Kuonza, L., & Motaze, N. V. (2020). Epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed mumps infections in South Africa, 2012–2017: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 20, 1-9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7216493/