See also: Poverty
According to some sources, in 2001 South Africa apparently adopted a Free Basic Services Policy/Indigent Policy. No exact reference is cited. No document to be found in libraries or online.
South Africa. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Directorate: Water Services Policy and Strategy Free basic water : implementation strategy 2007 : consolidating and maintaining. Version 4. Pretoria : Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Directorate: Policy and Strategy, April 2007. Shelf no. G 68 E.WATE.07.FREE
South Africa. Department of Environmental Affairs. National policy for the provision of basic refuse removal services to indigent households, October 2010. Pretoria : Government Printer, June 2011. In: South Africa. Government Gazette no. 34385 (22 June 2011), General notice 413 of 2011.
South Africa. Department of Minerals and Energy. Electricity basic services support tariff (free basic electricity) policy for the Republic of South Africa, 1 April 2003. Pretoria : Government Printer, 2003. Shelf no. G 68 E.ENER.03.ELEC In: South Africa. Government Gazette no. 25088 (4 July 2003), General notice 1693 of 2003.
South Africa. Department of Water Affairs. Free basic sanitation implementation strategy : user-friendly summary version. [Pretoria : Dept. of Water Affairs ; Dept. of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs, 2010. Shelf no. G 68 E.WATE.10.FREE (Not online. Copy held by Northwestern University Library.)
South Africa. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (1990-2010). Free basic sanitation implementation strategy. Final (version 15), 01 October 2008.
South Africa. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (1990-2010). Free basic water : a summary for local authorities. [Pretoria] : Dept. of Water Affairs and Forestry, 2001. Shelf no. G 68 E.WATE.01.FREE (Not online. No holdings in libraries.)
South Africa. Department. of Water Affairs and Forestry (1990-2010) . Free Basic Water Implementation Guideline for local authorities. Version 2.3. Pretoria: Department. of Water Affairs and Forestry, August 2002.
South Africa. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Free basic water implementation strategy. Version 2. Pretoria: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. August 2002.
South Africa. Department. of Water Affairs and Forestry (1990-2010) 'Free basic water' : implementation strategy document. [Pretoria?] : Dept. of Water Affairs and Forestry, Chief Directorate: Water Services, 2001. (Broken link. Not held by libraries.)
Indigent policies are published and implemented at local government level. These policies are written according to the National framework for municipal indigent policies, published by the Department of Provincial and Local Government. The Department also published Guidelines for the implementation of the national indigent policy part 1, part 2, by municipalities.
South Africa. Department of Provincial and Local Government. Framework for a municipal indigent policy. Pretoria: Department of Provincial and Local Government, September 2005.
Limpopo (South Africa). Department of Local Government and Housing. Municipal Infrastructure Development Branch. Asset Management and Free Basic Services Unit. Limpopo indigent policy framework. Polokwane : Department of Local Government and Housing, [200-?]
City of Cape Town. Poverty alleviation and reduction policy : the City of Cape Town draft policy, March 2013
City of Cape Town. Food gardens policy in support of poverty alleviation and reduction, December 2013
Van Ryneveld, Philip. Indigent policy : including the poor in the City of Cape Town’s income strategy. Cape Town: City of Cape Town, 2003. Shelf no. G RCT E.SOCI.03.INDI (Library's copy destroyed in Jagger Library fire. No other holding library. Not online.)
Capricorn District Municipality. Indigent support policy. 2022.
Drakenstein Municipality. Indigent policy for Drakenstein Municipality. Reviewed, March 2010.
City of Johannesburg (2008). Expanded social package policy & strategy : eligibility mechanism and operational structure for poverty-targetting subsidies and services delivered by and in collaboration with the City of Johannesburg
City of Polokwane. Final indigent and social support policy, 2024/2025.
City of Polokwane. Approved indigent & social assistance policy, 2021/2022.
City of Polokwane. Indigent and social assistance policy, 2017/18
City of Ekurhuleni. Annexure B, Budget speech. Annexure E7, Indigent support policy, 2022-2023.
Mbombela Municipality. Indigent policy
Midvaal Local Municipality (2014). Indigent policy
Mogale City Local Municipality (2010). Indigent management policy
Mutale Municipality. Indigent policy
Newcastle Municipality. Indigent policy
Overstrand Municipality. Indigent policy (2018)
Saldanha Bay Municipality. Indigent policy. For implementation as from 1 July 2017
Stellenbosch Municipality. Indigent policy, 2017/2018
Steve Tshwete Local Municipality (2013). Free basic services and indigent support policy
Thumalela Municipality. Indigent policy, 2014/2015
Umzinyathi District Municipality. Indigent support policy
West Coast District Municipality. West Coast District: poverty alleviation strategy: final report, December 2006. Part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4.
Zululand District Municipality. Indigent policy, year 2017/2018
South Africa. Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs. Basic services publication : comparative information on basic services, 2009. Pretoria : Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, 2009.
South Africa. Dept. of Provincial and Local Government. Study to determine progress with and challenges faced by municipalities in the provision of free basic services & supporting those municipalities struggling with implementation : final study report. [Pretoria? ; Department of Provincial and Local Government, 2005. Shelf no. G 68 E.LOCA.05.STUD
Tissington, Kate. Basic sanitation in South Africa : a guide to legislation, policy and practice. Johannesburg : Socio- Economic Rights Institute of South Africa, 2011. Shelf no. BA 363.72 TISS
Tissington, Kate. Targeting the poor? An analysis of Free Basic Services (FBS) and municipal indigent policies in South Africa. Johannesburg : Socio-Economic Rights Institute, November 2013.
Farrar, Lauren. The free basic water policy of South Africa: an evaluation of its implementation. Dissertation presented for the degree of Masters in Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, October 2014.
Marah, L. (Lansana) Effective cost recovery in a changing institutional and policy environment : municipal demarcation, the "free basic water" policy, and financially sustainable service delivery : report to the Water Research Commission / Gezina : Water Research Commission, 2004. Shelf no. G 68 JWRC 1384/1/04
Mjoli, Nozi. Towards the realization of free basic sanitation : evaluation, review and recommendations : report to the Water Research Commission. Gezina, South Africa : Water Research Commission, 2009. Shelf no. G 68 JWRC TT 422/09
Mosdell, Tim. Free basic services : the evolution and impact of free basic water policy in South Africa. IN: Democracy and delivery : urban policy in South Africa. Cape Town : HSRC Press, 2006. Shelf no. G 68 E.HSRC.06.DEMO
Still, D. (David) Basic sanitation services in South Africa : learning from the past, planning for the future : report to the Water Research Commission. Gezina, South Africa : Water Research Commission, 2009. Shelf no. G 68 JWRC TT 414/09